查看查询执行情况
------------------
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使用\timing命令可以打印出查询执行的时间。
test=# \timing on
Timing is on.
test=# select * from foo; # 这时再执行 SQL 语句会给出语句执行时间。
id | name
----+------
1 | hawq
2 | hdfs
(2 rows)
Time: 16.369 ms
test=# \timing off # 关闭时间输出
Timing is off.
使用explain语句可以显示出查询计划。
test=# explain select count(*) from foo;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aggregate (cost=1.04..1.05 rows=1 width=8)
-> Gather Motion 12:1 (slice1; segments: 12) (cost=0.00..1.04 rows=2 width=0)
-> Seq Scan on foo (cost=0.00..1.01 rows=1 width=0)
Optimizer: Postgres query optimizer
NewExecutor: ON
(5 rows)
test=#
使用 explain analyze 可以显示出查询在具体执行时的状态,包括每一个操作符开始执行时间,以及结束时间,可以帮助用户找到查询的瓶颈,进而优化查询。关于查询计划以及 explain analyze 的执行结果的解释可以参考查询计划与查询执行章节。针对一个查询,可能会有无数个查询计划。得出优化的查询计划是查询优化器的功能。一个查询执行时间的长短与查询的计划有很大关系,所以熟悉查询计划以及具体查询的执行对查询优化有很大意义。
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test=# explain analyze select count(*) from foo;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aggregate (cost=1.04..1.05 rows=1 width=8) (actual time=6.129..6.132 rows=1 loops=1)
1 TupleBatch of 1 Tuple, (1/1/1)(avg/min/max) Tuple/TupleBatch, 47 B
-> Gather Motion 12:1 (slice1; segments: 12) (cost=0.00..1.04 rows=2 width=0) (actual time=5.575..5.971 rows=2 loops=1)
2 TupleBatch of 2 Tuple, (1/1/1)(avg/min/max) Tuple/TupleBatch, 0 B
InputStream Info: 28 byte(s) (76.808 KB/s) in 0.356 ms with 2 read call(s).
-> Seq Scan on foo (cost=0.00..1.01 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=1.846..3.567 rows=1 loops=1)
(seg4) 1 TupleBatch of 1 Tuple, (1/1/1)(avg/min/max) Tuple/TupleBatch, 0 B
(seg4) SkipCtid: on
Optimizer: Postgres query optimizer
NewExecutor: ON
Data Locality Ratio: 1.00
Planning Time: 4.371 ms
(slice0) Executor memory: 32K bytes.
(slice1) Executor memory: 89K bytes avg x 12 workers, 89K bytes max (seg0).
Memory used: 262144kB
Execution Time: 9.913 ms
(18 rows)
test=#